Factors influencing the process of metal melting
Factors that affect the melting process of a metal include temperature, pressure, the presence of various impurities, slags and oxidants. Induction melting furnace is used for melting both ferrous (iron and its alloys) and non-ferrous (copper, brass, aluminum) metals. The ability to create a high temperature is favorable for the smelting of refractory metals. The main mass of steel is smelted in an arc furnace. The table makes it possible to compare the melting points of the most common metals at atmospheric pressure.
Metal | Temperature, °C |
Aluminum | 660,4 |
Iron | 1539 |
Copper | 1084,5 |
Tin | 231,9 |
Cast iron | 1100-1300 |
Steel | 1300-1500 |
The use of vacuum in electric arc and induction furnaces allows the smelting of refractory metals and the production of special corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant alloys. Vacuum arc furnace assumes that the electric arc burns under reduced pressure, and the temperature is 3700 ° C. Electric arc furnaces of this type require a constant current, which ensures the stability of the burning of the electrodes. This is primarily a straight arc furnace in which the function of the cathode is performed by the electrode, and the charge to be melted is the anode.
Steel smelting in electric arc furnaces is one of two main methods:
- The use of alloyed elements and fresh charge with their complete oxidation;
- The process of melting doped fragments without oxidants or with the addition of gaseous oxygen.
When using the second method, short-term blowing of the oxygen mixture into the melting space of the furnace is assumed.
Advantages of using an induction melting furnace
Induction melting furnace makes it possible to produce high quality alloys. Among the advantages of units with induction furnace units include:
- Melting without an electric arc with minimal burning of metal;
- Electrodynamic circulation of liquid metal, which contributes to a homogeneous mass;
- The small size of melting furnaces of this type thanks to what it is possible to carry out melting in the closed chamber in the conditions of vacuum or with use of inert gas.
Induction furnace coils need cooling, so there is a need to use both the furnace and the air conditioner. Cold water is supplied via a flexible cable.